When an Alleged Intelligence Asset Merged with McGraw-Hill, What Infrastructure Did He Build, And Who Controls It Now?
Right now, at this very moment, there is a good chance your child’s school is using software that tracks every answer they give, how long they take to respond, what mistakes they make, when they procrastinate, and what subjects make them struggle. This system has logged billions of student interactions over 25 years and has been used by over 50 million students, including more than 20 million at K-12 schools. It creates what the company proudly calls “trillions of possible knowledge states” for each student. It tracks not just what your child knows, but how they learn, when they learn best, and what behavioral patterns they exhibit.
You probably think this is just modern educational technology, right? Adaptive learning software designed to help kids learn more effectively. And maybe it is. But the story of how this surveillance infrastructure was built, who built it, and what connections link those builders to intelligence networks should terrify every parent in America.
This is not speculation. This is documented through Senate investigations, court records, FBI files, corporate documents, security breach reports, and verified news sources. This is the story of how American children became surveillance targets, told through verified facts and public records.
Phase One: The Maxwell Partnership (1989-1993) – When an Alleged Intelligence Asset Controlled America’s Textbook Industry
The foundation begins with Robert Maxwell, a documented subject of intelligence investigations and father of Ghislaine Maxwell, convicted sex trafficker and partner of Jeffrey Epstein. In 1989, Maxwell purchased Macmillan Publishers for $2.6 billion. To understand what that means: adjusted for inflation, that’s approximately $6.4 billion in today’s dollars. There were perhaps a few dozen people on Earth capable of writing that check. Maxwell was operating at a level of wealth and power that put him in the same category as nation-states.
Then Maxwell made a move that should have raised questions. McGraw-Hill was already one of America’s premier educational publishers, a publicly traded American company that had been in business since 1888. And somehow, a foreign national (Robert Maxwell) under FBI counterintelligence investigation managed to form a partnership with them. Together they created Macmillan/McGraw-Hill School Publishing Company. It became the second-largest textbook publisher in the United States, with $440 million in combined sales, producing materials used in schools across the country.
But who was Robert Maxwell? That question haunted intelligence agencies for decades. Born Jan Ludvik Hoch (yahn LOOD-vik HOCH) in Czechoslovakia, he escaped the Holocaust, fought in World War II, and eventually built a massive publishing empire. He started with Pergamon Press in 1951, turning it into a major academic and scientific publishing house. Maxwell maintained controversial connections to Eastern European and Soviet science throughout the Cold War, operating what investigative journalists would later describe as intelligence operations disguised as publishing. By the 1980s, he owned Britain’s Daily Mirror and was one of the most powerful media figures in the world. But what made Maxwell special was his relationship with intelligence services.
The FBI opened a Foreign Counterintelligence investigation on Maxwell and his company Pergamon International in the 1980s. Employees at Sandia National Laboratories raised concerns that Maxwell’s systems had access to NSA databases. His company, Information On Demand, was allegedly pulling classified information from government systems, according to FBI documents uncovered by MuckRock investigations. Former Israeli Military Intelligence operative Ari Ben-Menashe publicly alleged that Maxwell was a long-time Mossad agent. Investigative journalist Gordon Thomas wrote an entire book titled “Robert Maxwell, Israel’s Superspy” detailing allegations that Maxwell worked as a triple agent for Mossad, MI6, and the KGB.
Maxwell allegedly helped distribute modified versions of PROMIS software, a database system originally developed for the U.S. Department of Justice. The modified versions reportedly contained surveillance backdoors that enabled real-time monitoring of government and intelligence databases worldwide. According to Gordon Thomas’s sworn affidavit, Israeli intelligence officer Rafi Eitan told him Maxwell sold over $500 million worth of espionage-enabled PROMIS versions to the United Kingdom, Australia, South Korea, Canada, and even the Soviet KGB. While a 1994 Justice Department investigation found “no credible evidence” for some PROMIS-related claims, FBI files on Maxwell have become increasingly classified over time, suggesting ongoing sensitivity about whatever Maxwell was really doing.
When Maxwell died under mysterious circumstances in November 1991 his body found floating near the Canary Islands. But in death, Israel gave him something extraordinary: a state funeral on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem. According to The Times of Israel, the funeral was attended by Israeli President Chaim Herzog, Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir, and six serving or former heads of Israeli intelligence services. Prime Minister Shamir stood at Maxwell’s grave and made a statement that has echoed through decades of speculation: “He has done more for Israel than can today be told.”
Think about that for a moment. A British media mogul dies, and Israel’s entire intelligence establishment shows up to bury him with honors normally reserved for national heroes. What exactly had Maxwell done for Israel that could not be told at his funeral in 1991, and apparently still can’t be told three decades later?
Maxwell’s partnership with McGraw-Hill gave an alleged intelligence asset control over America’s second-largest textbook company. He had direct access to educational materials used by millions of American children. The partnership lasted from 1989 until Maxwell’s death in 1991, with McGraw-Hill taking full ownership in 1993.
Here is the critical question nobody has asked: when Apollo Global Management acquired McGraw-Hill 20 years later in 2013, did anyone examine what systems, software, or personnel from the Maxwell era remained? Did anyone audit what infrastructure Maxwell’s companies had embedded in America’s educational publishing system during those four years? Did anyone investigate what relationships his employees built, what access they established, what data collection capabilities they installed?
The answer appears to be a very concerning no. Nobody looked. Nobody asked. And that pattern of non-investigation would repeat itself again and again.
The Apollo Acquisition (2013)
Twenty years pass. McGraw-Hill continues operating as one of America’s largest educational publishers. The company expands its digital offerings, builds online platforms, develops educational software. Teachers use their textbooks. Schools license their systems. Millions of children’s educational data begins flowing through their platforms.
Nobody asks what remains from the Maxwell era. Nobody audits the infrastructure. Nobody investigates.
Then in March 2013, Apollo Global Management, led by billionaire Leon Black, acquires McGraw-Hill Education for $2.4 billion.
But there’s another transaction that should have raised immediate questions.
When we examined the timeline, we found something that didn’t make sense. On February 13, 2013, Leon Black signed a $23.5 million service agreement with Jeffrey Epstein. Thirty-seven days later, on March 22, 2013, Apollo closed its $2.4 billion acquisition of McGraw-Hill Education. The single largest payment agreement Black ever made to Epstein came exactly thirty-seven days before Apollo’s largest education sector acquisition closed. This was the same company that Robert Maxwell had controlled from 1989 to 1993. The same Robert Maxwell who was Ghislaine Maxwell’s father. The same Robert Maxwell who had documented intelligence connections and died under mysterious circumstances. The same company whose infrastructure Maxwell’s daughters had the technical expertise to understand intimately.
Why would Black be paying a convicted sex offender tens of millions of dollars right before acquiring America’s largest educational publisher?
Black’s explanation was simple: estate planning and tax advice. Between 2012 and 2017, Black paid Epstein at least $158 million, later revealed to be $170 million when Senate investigators discovered payments the internal investigation had somehow missed. Black claimed this was purely for sophisticated tax strategies that would save him over a billion dollars.
But when we looked closer, the story became more troubling. Much more troubling.
The Attorney Epstein Recommended
In 2006, seven years before the McGraw-Hill acquisition, Black needed to set up a Grantor Retained Annuity Trust, a GRAT, to minimize estate taxes. These are complex but legal structures used by the ultra-wealthy to transfer wealth to heirs tax-free.
Black needed an attorney. And according to the Dechert investigation report filed with the SEC, there’s a detail that changes everything: “Originally, the 2006 GRAT was established by Black’s former trusts and estates attorney who had been recommended to Black by Epstein.“
Read that again. Epstein recommended the attorney who set up Black’s trust.
The trust was “improperly structured.” The attorney Epstein had recommended made mistakes that created potential tax liability Black would later estimate at $500 million to over $1 billion. Black had put Apollo partnership interests into the trust and told the IRS he no longer owned them. But he kept receiving “excess income” from those very same Apollo interests. This was income he wasn’t supposed to get because he’d supposedly given up ownership.
The IRS could have destroyed him. Criminal tax fraud. Asset seizure. The kind of liability that ends billionaires.
Then in 2012, six years after the problem was created, Epstein came back. With the solution. He could fix the trust problems. Make the tax liability disappear.
And so the payments began. In 2012, four years after Epstein’s conviction for soliciting prostitution from a minor, when most individuals and institutions were severing all ties, Black began working with Epstein. The first payments came on February 13, 2013 when Black signed an agreement with Epstein for $23.5 million. By May 2013, a second agreement was negotiated for $56.5 million to be paid in installments. Black paid $23.5 million from the first agreement and $26.5 million from the second agreement in 2013, totaling $50 million that year. In 2014, he paid $70 million. In 2015, another $30 million.
Let’s trace the pattern:
- 2006: Epstein recommends an attorney to Black
- 2006: That attorney creates an “improperly structured” GRAT
- 2006: The improper structure creates potential tax liability of $500 million to over $1 billion
- 2008: Epstein is convicted of soliciting prostitution from a minor
- 2012: Four years after his conviction, Epstein returns with the “solution” to the tax problem
- 2012-2017: Black pays Epstein $170 million to fix the problem that the attorney Epstein recommended created
- 2013: As Apollo closes the McGraw-Hill acquisition, Black’s payments to Epstein spike into the tens of millions
- 2014: Black pays Epstein approximately $70 million
- 2015: Black pays Epstein $30 million
What the Internal Investigation Didn’t Examine
In 2021, Apollo’s board commissioned law firm Dechert to investigate Black’s relationship with Epstein. The investigation reviewed 60,000 communications and interviewed over 20 witnesses. Its conclusion: while Black showed “poor judgment,” there was no evidence he was involved in Epstein’s criminal activities.
But read the scope carefully. According to the Dechert report itself, investigators were explicitly instructed to examine only Black’s “personal” dealings with Epstein. They did not investigate whether Epstein played any role in Apollo’s business activities. They did not examine whether Epstein was involved in the McGraw-Hill acquisition. They did not look at whether Epstein provided advice about educational technology investments or data infrastructure.
The investigation that was supposed to provide answers was designed not to ask the most important questions.
Think about what we know:
A convicted sex offender received $170 million from the man whose company was acquiring McGraw-Hill. The same McGraw-Hill that Robert Maxwell had merged with in 1989. The same company Maxwell controlled until his mysterious death in 1991. The payments to Epstein began four years after his conviction, when others were cutting ties. Black’s payments spiked dramatically during the years surrounding the acquisition. The relationship began when Epstein recommended an attorney who then created a massive tax problem. Years later, Epstein returned with the expensive solution. When asked if he discussed Apollo business with Epstein, Black refused to answer.
Nobody investigated the connection between Epstein, Black, and Maxwell’s former company. Nobody asked why payments to Epstein increased so dramatically during the acquisition period. Nobody examined whether the $170 million bought anything beyond tax advice.
What Apollo Built (2013-2017)
After acquiring McGraw-Hill, Apollo transformed it into something unprecedented.
According to Apollo’s own disclosures and McGraw-Hill investor presentations, the company invested approximately $700 million in technology and digital platforms between 2013 and 2017. They were building something new.
McGraw-Hill’s crown jewel was ALEKS, Assessment and Learning in Knowledge Spaces. An adaptive learning platform that uses artificial intelligence to create detailed cognitive profiles of each student. According to the company’s technical documentation, ALEKS tracks:
Every answer given and time taken to respond. Every mistake made and when errors occur. What subjects cause struggle and behavioral patterns. When students procrastinate and engagement metrics. Exact progression through material and learning velocity.
The system uses this data to build what McGraw-Hill calls “knowledge spaces.” Detailed maps of each student’s cognitive strengths, weaknesses, and learning patterns. McGraw-Hill says ALEKS has served over 50 million students since its creation and models “trillions” of theoretical knowledge states. The platform has logged billions of student interactions over 25 years.
Think about what that means. McGraw-Hill claims detailed cognitive and behavioral profiles of 50 million Americans, tracked from childhood. How they think. How they learn. What makes them struggle. What motivates them. Their attention spans. Their vulnerability patterns. Their psychological profiles built during their most formative years.
This data would be worth billions to media companies trying to understand and influence audiences. To advertisers seeking to target consumers based on cognitive patterns established in childhood. To political campaigns looking to identify and exploit psychological vulnerabilities. To intelligence agencies building profiles of future leaders, scientists, and decision-makers.
This database existed. Maxwell had access to early versions during his control of McGraw-Hill from 1989 to 1993.
At the exact same time, his supposed bitter rival was positioned to access even more. Rupert Murdoch, the Australian-born media mogul who built News Corporation into a global empire, had competed directly with Maxwell throughout the 1980s for media dominance. The two fought over newspaper acquisitions, television properties, and publishing assets across multiple continents. By 1988, News Corp held about 20.5% of Pearson, then the largest education publisher.
One rival with documented intelligence connections and a state funeral attended by Israeli intelligence chiefs controlled the second-largest education publisher. The other rival with suspicious investment patterns held a major stake in the largest. Both had simultaneous access to educational data infrastructure during the critical early years of digitization.
Twenty years later, Apollo and Black controlled McGraw-Hill from 2013 to 2021. During that same period, Murdoch spent over a billion dollars building a competing system with Amplify.
But ALEKS was just one piece. McGraw-Hill operated multiple platforms. Connect for higher education learning management. ALEKS for K-12 and college adaptive learning. Achieve as a college course platform. And Engrade for K-12 gradebook and student information systems.
In 2014, shortly after the acquisition, Apollo had McGraw-Hill acquire Engrade for an undisclosed sum. Engrade was crucial because it unified district software systems, enabling data to flow seamlessly between different educational databases. The system tracked students across their entire educational journey.
Then came perhaps the most significant move.
The Tel Aviv Connection
In December 2013, nine months after acquiring McGraw-Hill, Apollo announced the opening of the McGraw-Hill Education Tel Aviv Technology Innovation Center in Israel. According to the company’s press release, this center would serve as the global “Interoperability Hub” for ensuring all McGraw-Hill platforms could communicate with other systems.
Israel. Not Silicon Valley. Not New York. Not Boston. Israel.
Given what we know about who controlled this company before, that choice raises obvious questions. The center was explicitly designed to handle data integration across all McGraw-Hill platforms worldwide.
Here are the questions that should have been asked but weren’t, at least not in any public investigation.
Does U.S. student data flow through Israel? Is it subject to Israeli data access laws? Could Israeli intelligence agencies access this data under their legal frameworks? What personnel work at the Tel Aviv center? Do they have backgrounds in Israeli military intelligence, particularly Unit 8200, Israel’s signals intelligence unit?
No public record shows any regulatory body, congressional investigation, or journalistic inquiry examined these questions.
But there’s another layer to this story that makes the Tel Aviv connection impossible to ignore, and that is the OTHER Maxwell daughters…
READ PART TWO NOW
This investigation represents comprehensive analysis of publicly available evidence and documents, reflecting research completed through October 28, 2025. While rigorous verification procedures have been followed, additional sources may exist and inadvertent errors remain possible. Readers are encouraged to provide corrections or supplemental information. Portions of this work were developed with the assistance of digital research technologies, including AI-driven tools, but all analysis, conclusions, editorial decisions, and final content remain solely the responsibility of the author. While official government investigations have reached definitive conclusions about many aspects of this case, significant questions remain about institutional failures, elite enablement, and broader implications for accountability. Ongoing investigations may reveal additional information that changes understanding of these events. This investigation serves the public interest by examining documented evidence of institutional failures and systematic protection. The pursuit of truth and accountability continues not for conspiracy theories or political advantage, but for victims who deserve justice and a society that deserves to understand how such failures occurred.
Full Sources
SENATE FINANCE COMMITTEE INVESTIGATIONS
U.S. Senate Finance Committee – “Wyden Releases New Information on Financing of Jeffrey Epstein’s operations by Billionaire Leon Black,” March 12, 2025
- U.S. Senate Finance Committee – “Wyden Unveils Ongoing Investigation Into Private Equity Billionaire Leon Black’s Tax Planning,” July 25, 2023
- U.S. Senate Finance Committee – “New Wyden Bill Would Force Treasury to Turn Over Epstein Files,” September 10, 2025
- U.S. Senate Finance Committee – “Continuing Epstein Investigation, Wyden Probes IRS’s Failure to Investigate Sex Trafficker’s Highly Lucrative Tax Planning Work,” July 31, 2025
- U.S. Senate Finance Committee – “Following New Epstein Revelations, Wyden Renews Demand for Trump Administration to Produce Epstein Files,” June 17, 2025
- U.S. Senate Finance Committee – “As Trump Sits on Key Epstein Files, Wyden Lays Out ‘Follow the Money’ Investigation for DOJ,” July 23, 2025
- U.S. Senate Finance Committee – “As Bessent Withholds Epstein Files, Wyden Expands Investigation and Demands Financial Records,” September 3, 2025
- Senator Ron Wyden – Letter to DOJ, Treasury Department, and FBI regarding Epstein investigation (PDF), June 17, 2025
- Senate Finance Committee – Letters and official correspondence (2022-2025) detailing Black’s refusal to cooperate with investigation
- Available through Senate Finance Committee archives
HOUSE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE INVESTIGATIONS
- Rep. Jamie Raskin – Letter to Bank of America CEO Brian Moynihan regarding Epstein transactions, October 8, 2025
- Rep. Jamie Raskin – Letter to JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon regarding Epstein transactions, October 8, 2025
- U.S. House Judiciary Committee Democrats – “Ranking Member Raskin Probes Top Banks Over $1.5 Billion in Suspicious Transactions Linked to Jeffrey Epstein Sex Trafficking Ring,” October 9, 2025
- U.S. House Judiciary Committee Democrats – “Ranking Member Raskin’s Statement on New Lawsuits Targeting Major Banks Over Epstein Ties,” October 15, 2025
DECHERT INVESTIGATION & APOLLO DOCUMENTS
- Dechert LLP – Independent Review of Leon Black’s relationship with Jeffrey Epstein, January 2021 (filed with SEC as exhibit to Apollo Global Management Form 8-K)
- Full Report: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1411494/000119312521016405/d118102dex991.htm
- Key Finding: “Originally, the 2006 GRAT was established by Black’s former trusts and estates attorney who had been recommended to Black by Epstein”
- Key Finding: GRAT was “improperly structured” creating potential tax liability of $500 million to over $1 billion
- Apollo Global Management – Press Release: “Apollo Global Management Announces Conclusion and Release of Independent Review,” January 25, 2021
- https://www.apollo.com/insights-news/pressreleases/2021/01/apollo-global-management-announces-conclusion-and-release-of-independent-review-211549270
- Also: https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/01/25/2163849/0/en/Apollo-Global-Management-Announces-Conclusion-and-Release-of-Independent-Review.html
- Dechert LLP – Firm announcement: “Dechert Concludes Investigation on Behalf of Apollo Global Management’s Board,” March 2021
- Apollo Global Management – SEC filings and investor disclosures (2013-2021)
- Available through SEC EDGAR database: https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=1411494
VIRGIN ISLANDS SETTLEMENT
- Settlement Agreement and Release – Government of the U.S. Virgin Islands and Leon Black, January 20, 2023
- Referenced in Senate Finance Committee documents
- Key statement: “WHEREAS, Jeffrey Epstein used the money Black paid him to partially fund his operations in the Virgin Islands”
- Settlement amount: $62.5 million for criminal immunity
- CNN Business – “Leon Black agrees to pay $62.5 million to avoid Jeffrey Epstein-related lawsuits in the US Virgin Islands,” August 5, 2023
- St. Thomas Source – “Report: Billionaire Leon Black Paid V.I. $62.5 Million Over Epstein Ties,” July 21, 2023
- Artnet News – “Financier and MoMA Trustee Leon Black Agrees to Pay $62.5 Million to Settle Jeffrey Epstein-Related Claims in the Virgin Islands,” July 25, 2023
- Bloomberg – “Leon Black Headed Off Jeffrey Epstein Lawsuit in US Virgin Islands Deal,” July 21, 2023
BANKING AND REGULATORY OVERSIGHT
- CNBC – “Epstein bank records sought by top House Democrat from Jamie Dimon, other CEOs,” October 9, 2025
- Banking Dive – “Senators probe Bank of America on Apollo co-founder’s payments to Epstein,” April 16, 2024
- CBS News – “Bank of America sued over alleged financial ties to convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein,” October 2025
- The New York Times – “Bank of America Flagged Suspicious Payments to Epstein Only After He Died,” December 13, 2024
- Referenced in Congressional testimony
- Common Dreams – “Raskin Demands Bank Records in Probe of $1.5 Billion in ‘Suspicious’ Transactions Tied to Epstein,” October 9, 2025
MCGRAW-HILL DATA BREACH
- vpnMentor – “Report: World-Renowned Education Company Exposes Details of Over 100,000 Students Worldwide in Massive Data Breach,” December 2022
- https://www.vpnmentor.com/blog/report-mcgraw-hill-breach/
- Discovery date: June 12, 2022
- Data: 22 terabytes, 117 million files
- Students affected: 100,000+
- TechSpot – “McGraw Hill breach exposed 22 terabytes of sensitive student data,” December 22, 2022
- Higher Ed Dive – “McGraw Hill exposed student data and grades, online privacy firm says,” December 19, 2022
- SiliconANGLE – “Education company McGraw Hill exposes student data on unsecured cloud storage,” December 19, 2022
- The Register – “McGraw Hill’s S3 buckets exposed 100,000 students’ grades,” December 20, 2022
- BestColleges – “Student Information Exposed in McGraw Hill Data Breach,” December 22, 2022
- Oregon State University – Official Notice to students regarding McGraw Hill data breach, December 22, 2022
- University official communications (archived)
APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT & MCGRAW-HILL ACQUISITION
- S&P Global (formerly McGraw-Hill Companies) – “The McGraw-Hill Companies Completes Sale of McGraw-Hill Education to Apollo,” March 22, 2013
- McGraw Hill – “Platinum Equity to Acquire McGraw Hill from Apollo Funds for $4.5 Billion,” June 15, 2021
- Publishers Weekly – “McGraw-Hill Education to be Acquired by Private Equity Firm Apollo,” November 26, 2012
- PitchBook – “This day in buyout history: Apollo conducts a textbook takeover,” March 22, 2018
- Wikipedia – “McGraw Hill Education”
- Apollo Global Management – Press releases and SEC filings regarding McGraw-Hill acquisition (March 2013)
- Available through Apollo investor relations and SEC filings
- McGraw-Hill Education – Investor presentations (2013-2017)
- Available through company archives
PRIVACY AND DATA SECURITY
- Common Sense Media – “Privacy Evaluation for ALEKS”
- https://privacy.commonsense.org/evaluation/ALEKS
- Overall privacy score: 59% (basic privacy evaluation)
- Common Sense Media – “Privacy Report for Aleks”
- https://privacy.commonsense.org/privacy-report/ALEKS
- Data security: 33%
- Responsible use: 25%
- Ads & tracking: 25%
- Common Sense Education – “ALEKS Review for Teachers”
- Common Sense Media – “New Report from Common Sense Media Assesses Privacy Policies of Hundreds of Education and Consumer Tech Apps and Services,” November 17, 2021
- Electronic Frontier Foundation – “Spying on Students: School-Issued Devices and Student Privacy,” February 2018
- Available at EFF.org (comprehensive investigation into educational surveillance practices)
- McGraw-Hill Education – Privacy Center and Data Security Policy
- Cosyn, E., Uzun, H., Doble, C., & Matayoshi, J. – “A practical perspective on knowledge space theory: ALEKS and its data,” Journal of Mathematical Psychology, Volume 101, 2021
- Academic journal article detailing billions of student interactions and knowledge space mapping
- DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2020.102512
- ALEKS Corporation – “About ALEKS” and “Research Behind ALEKS – Knowledge Space Theory”
- https://www.aleks.com/about-aleks
- Company claims: 50+ million students served, “trillions of possible knowledge states”
- Center for Democracy and Technology – “Commercial Companies and FERPA’s School Official Exception: A Survey of Privacy Policies,” February 2021
- CDT.org research report
- Public Interest Privacy Center – “Fixing FERPA: Enhancing EdTech Accountability”
- Analysis of accountability gaps in educational technology oversight
- Future of Privacy Forum – “Student Privacy Primer” and student data privacy resources
- Available at StudentPrivacyCompass.org
- MIT Press Reader – “Privacy and Paternalism: The Ethics of Student Data Collection,” September 2022
- ConnectSafely – “The Educator’s Guide to Student Data Privacy,” May 2025
- ConnectSafely.org educational resources
- U.S. Department of Education Privacy Technical Assistance Center (PTAC) – FERPA guidance documents
- Available at studentprivacy.ed.gov
- Record Nations – “FERPA Compliance In Education” (60-year retention requirements for permanent records), August 2024
- Industry compliance documentation
- State educational data retention policies – Arizona, Indiana, North Carolina, Washington
- Available through respective state education departments
ROBERT MAXWELL & INTELLIGENCE BACKGROUND
- The Times of Israel – “The Maxwells: Scandal, conspiracy and more than a few days in court,” July 4, 2020
- The Times of Israel – “For writer who broke Epstein case, a rumored Mossad link is worth digging into,” July 26, 2021
- The Times of Israel – “Ghislaine Maxwell’s family history marked by scandal, secrecy and conspiracy,” December 30, 2021
- The Times of Israel – “From wooden shack to global media magnate: The rise and fall of Robert Maxwell,” February 28, 2021
- The Times of Israel – “Did father Robert Maxwell’s early abuse taint Ghislaine long before she met Epstein?” January 5, 2023
- Thomas, Gordon – “Robert Maxwell, Israel’s Superspy: The Life and Murder of a Media Mogul,” St. Martin’s Press, 1999
- ISBN: 978-0786706037
- Council for the National Interest (Philip Giraldi) – “The Maxwells: Mossad’s First Family of Spies,” December 9, 2020
- Available at councilforthenationalinterest.org
- FBI files on Robert Maxwell – Partially declassified documents
- Available through MuckRock FOIA requests and investigations
- Preston, John – “Fall: The Mystery of Robert Maxwell,” Viking, 2021
- ISBN: 978-0241346914
- Comprehensive biography with new revelations
MAXWELL FAMILY TECHNOLOGY VENTURES
- Commtouch/CYREN – Corporate records and filings
- Israeli cybersecurity company, Maxwell family involvement documented in corporate filings
- Available through Israeli corporate registry
- Puresight/iCognito – Corporate documentation
- Content filtering software company
- Maxwell family technology investments
- Chiliad – Corporate records and FBI technology procurement documentation
- Data analytics company
- Government contracts available through federal procurement databases
- University of Texas at Dallas – Employment records
- Maxwell family members’ academic and business affiliations
- Available through university archives
LADY GHISLAINE / DANCING HARE YACHT
- WUSA9 – “Yacht once named ‘Lady Ghislaine’ catches fire in DC Wharf neighborhood,” October 14, 2025
- USA TODAY – “Yacht once owned by Ghislaine Maxwell’s father catches fire in DC,” October 16, 2025
- Yahoo News/The Telegraph – “Yacht named after Ghislaine Maxwell catches fire in Washington DC,” October 15, 2025
- DC Fire and EMS Department – Official statements regarding yacht fire, October 14, 2025
- Official Twitter/X posts and press releases
- Marine Industry News – “Superyacht once named after Ghislaine Maxwell catches fire in Washington DC,” October 16, 2025
- Wikipedia – “Dancing Hare” (yacht history and ownership records)
- Boat International – “Dancing Hare yacht (Amels, 57.7m, 1986)”
NEWS COVERAGE & ANALYSIS
- Bloomberg – “Epstein’s Work for Leon Black Should Face IRS Probe, Wyden Says,” August 1, 2025
- The Art Newspaper – “US Senator calls for investigation into MoMA trustee Leon Black’s business ties to Jeffrey Epstein,” August 19, 2025
- CNBC – “Senate panel probes billionaire Leon Black’s $158 million in payments to Jeffrey Epstein,” July 25, 2023
- CNBC – “Apollo Global CEO Leon Black paid sex predator Jeffrey Epstein $158 million for financial advice after conviction,” January 26, 2021
- Axios – “What we now know about Leon Black’s relationship with Jeffrey Epstein,” January 26, 2021
https://www.foxbusiness.com/media/mcgraw-hill-sold-by-apollo-global-management
Fox Business – “McGraw Hill sold by Apollo Global Management,” June 16, 2021
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